神经科学与心理学2017internal.psychology.illinois.edu
人们能选择改变自己的人格特质吗？（2015）
Can People Choose to Change Their Personality Traits? (2015)
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：人格心理学基础、心理学研究方法
导读
这篇 2015 年发表于 JPSP 的论文研究人们能否主动改变自己的人格特质。研究发现大多数人都希望改变某些人格特质（如内向者想变得更外向），且那些有改变意愿的人通过日常刻意行为（如主动社交、与他人互动）确实使人格发生了轻微改变。作者也指出测量主要依赖自我报告，可能存在偏差。
HN 关注点：人格是否可塑这一话题，因为它关系到自我提升的可行性，讨论焦点集中在研究方法的可靠性（自我报告偏差）以及人格改变的实际经验。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
质疑总结论文结论并指出自我报告偏差的方法论局限
我通读了论文，结论并不算特别惊人，但算是个开始。结论是：大多数人都想改变自己的人格；被社会视为“负面”的特质（如内向）持有者想变得更外向；想改变的人确实发生了轻微改变，并每天自报朝目标努力的行为（如“我和别人一起笑”、“在社交场合混得不错”）；但人格前后测量都是自我报告，容易产生偏差。
volgo查看英文原文
Read through the paper. It doesn't reveal anything really surprising, but it's a start. Conclusion was: - Most people want to change their personality - People with personalities that are considered "negative" by society (ex: introversion) wanted to become more extroverted - People that wanted to change their personality, did change their personality slightly, and self reported daily behaviors that worked toward the goal (ex: “I smiled and laughed with others,” “I mixed well at a social function”) - Personality at the start and the end were self reported, giving way to bias.
亲历从业者视角：改变意愿本身是特质，改变过程伴随焦虑且回报延迟
我是一名人格类型教练，帮助人们实现论文中描述的改变。想指出一点：“想要改变自己人格特质”这件事本身就是一种特质。不必给（大多数）人施加改变的压力，很多人仅仅因为上网就已经感到强烈的改变压力了。有些人天生就是自我改进者，有些人是被生活中糟糕的结果逼到不得不改变。还有一个常被忽略的现实：这种成长和改变会直接引发焦虑（想想新年决心就是焦虑放大器），而令人愉悦的回报往往严重延迟。因此最好找到能发挥改变者自身优势的路径。
themodelplumber查看英文原文
I'm a personality type coach and I help people implement the kinds of changes described in the paper. There are many different models that deal with this kind of change. But taking one step back, I think it should be made more clear up front that "having a desire to change one's personality traits" itself is a trait. There is no need to pressure (most) people to change, and many good people feel a strong pressure to change just by being on the internet. Some seem to have a natural desire to change. They are self-improvers by nature. Some are curious, more open in general. They try this or that and wonder how life would change if they were more of an introvert, or more conscientious. Others are pushed into change, brought to their knees, so to speak, by patterns of poor outcomes in their lives. One of the often-unspoken realities here is that this growth and change will cause anxiety directly. It's observable in any living organism. (Now think about New Year's resolutions...they can be real anxiety spikers) If any really pleasing dopamine reward is to come of this process in humans, its full manifestation is often very time-delayed as the change process itself takes its course. So depending on the traits and their role in the trait-changer's own systems, models, and beliefs, it is helpful to identify pathways that can involve the trait-changer's strengths and yield some increased leverage. For example, "being open to _what_ is less stressful than being open to _that thing I can't typically stand being open to_?" There's this blended approach. Beyond traits, I find that typologies and archetypes are very helpful in establishing a quick and dirty template for change. If you identify as a "type" that finds benefit from developing cleverness, even if you yourself aren't very clever _right now_, we may see some surprising success if we try some exercises to identify and harness a latent cleverness in service of your goals. If you are a natural idealist, an idealistic princess who befriends all the little forest creatures, that's actually a very helpful model to examine as well. The story has been shared across cultures for many centuries, and it's a matter of running down the list of type attributes and noting the deltas with regard to your current life. I call my own method Type / Trait Interleave and so far I've been happy with the outcomes for my clients. With traits we quickly understand the contextual you and your contextually-variant patterns. With type we get at questions of your core self and begin to understand how your contextually-variant patterns could be sabotaging or benefiting some other system functioning in your life. Thanks op for the thought-provoking post, I didn't expect to see it here. :-)
补充补充资料：Facebook 点赞与人格特质的相关性数据
人格研究中最有趣的一张表：基于 Facebook 点赞与人格的相关性分析。有很多有趣的观察，比如内向与“极客文化”内容强相关；开放性似乎与左右政治立场强相关；情绪稳定的人喜欢体育和户外活动——这佐证了一个奇怪的理论：缺乏阳光和运动会导致抑郁。
Houshalter查看英文原文
The most interesting table in all of personality research: https://espnfivethirtyeight.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/aschwanden-datalab-facebook-personality2.png?w=575&quality=90&strip=info This is taken from correlations with facebook likes. There's a lot of interesting observations here. For instance, introversion correlates very strongly with "nerd culture" stuff. Openness seems to strongly correlate with left or right politics. Emotionally stable people seem to like sports and outdoor activities (adding to a weird theory that lack of sunlight and exercise causes depression.)
补充信念决定改变可行性，环境匹配是关键但难以实现
亨利·福特说：“你认为自己行还是不行，你都是对的。”这话说得很到位，问题在于很多人做不到相信“自己行”。有人持宿命论、感到无力；也有人过度自信，那不是真的相信自己行，而是妄想。我猜这是先天与后天共同作用的结果，而对大多数人来说，只要环境合适，后天就足够了——问题是我们至今仍不擅长把对的人放到对的环境里。
cJ0th查看英文原文
“Whether you think you can, or you think you can't--you're right.” ― Henry Ford I think this is quite on the money. The problem is that many of us don't manage to think "you can". For one thing, many hold kind of fatalistic beliefs and feel powerless. Others suffer from over-confidence. That's not really thinking "you can" but delusion. I could imagine that this is a nature & nurture thing and that nurture would be enough for most people if only they could find them-selves in an environment that's right for them. The problem is, however, that we still kinda suck at bringing the right people together.
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