经济与社会科学2017comp.social.gatech.edu
通过仇恨言论考察 Reddit 2015 年封禁措施的效果
The Efficacy of Reddit’s 2015 Ban Examined Through Hate Speech
进阶 · 约 40 分钟读完前置知识:社会科学统计、因果推断基础、Reddit/网络社区背景
导读
这篇 CSCW 论文以 Reddit 2015 年封禁 r/fatpeoplehate、r/CoonTown 等仇恨社区为自然实验,用 pushshift 存档数据量化封禁前后仇恨言论的变化。核心结论是:封禁后,被封社区相关用户的仇恨言论显著下降,而接收这些用户的其它社区并未出现仇恨言论上升,即没有出现明显的“入侵外溢”效应。
HN 关注点:封禁(deplatforming)究竟能否压制仇恨言论,还是只是把问题转移到别处;这篇论文提供了实证数据,也引发了对“犯罪转移”类比和回音室效应的争论。
后来怎么样
该文成为去平台化(deplatforming)效果辩论中的核心实证之一,常被后续平台封禁与网络仇恨言论研究引用为“封禁降低仇恨言论且无明显外溢”的证据。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 补充 2
支持研究证实封禁有效,且未出现“转移阵地”效应,但封禁需谨慎行事。
这是一篇 A+ 级研究,似乎证实了封禁 subreddit 能有效让其中的成员闭嘴。比如“fat hatred”这种风气自 2015 年以来基本消失了。有种理论认为封掉由“不受欢迎者”组成的 subreddit,他们只会涌入 Reddit 其它角落继续作恶——很高兴有了硬数据来反驳它:现实中 Reddit 其它地方并没那么宽容。那含义是什么?谨慎地封禁。清除滋生仇恨的地方就像灭火,但显然非常难操作。可参考 /r/physicalremoval,它就是因为煽动暴力刚被封的。
sillysaurus3查看英文原文
This is an A+ study which seems to confirm that banning subreddits can be an effective way to silence their inhabitants. "Fat hatred" as an epidemic has largely disappeared since 2015, for example. It's nice to get some hard data to counter the theory that if you ban a subreddit consisting of undesirables, they'll simply invade other parts of reddit and continue. In reality, the other parts of reddit aren't nearly so tolerant. So what's the implication? Well, ban judiciously. Getting rid of places that fester hatred is like putting out a fire. But it's obviously very tricky to do this. See /r/physicalremoval for an example of a sub that was just banned for inciting violence.
质疑质疑研究只看了站内,仇恨可能转移到站外,且失去辩论机会反而强化极端观点。
这有点像孤立地研究一个街区的犯罪:在 A 区加派警察可能降低那里的犯罪,但只是把犯罪推到 B 区。我其实喜欢 Reddit 上存在冒犯性 subreddit,因为有很多人专门去和那里发帖的人辩论。现在这些人走了,去了没人反驳他们的网络空间,这只会强化而非改善他们的观点。
nostromo查看英文原文
This is a bit like studying crime in one neighborhood in isolation. Putting cops in neighborhood A may reduce crime there, but it may just increase crime in neighborhood B. I actually liked having offensive subreddits on Reddit because there were so many people that devoted themselves to arguing with the people that posted there. Now those people are gone and are off to internet spaces where nobody disagrees with them. This will reinforce their opinions, not change them for the better.
补充指出数据来自 pushshift.io 的 Jason Baumgartner,认为论文致谢不足。
这项研究用的是 pushshift.io 数据集,该数据集由一位与 Reddit 无关的独立用户 @jasonbaumgartne(Twitter 账号)收集。要大力感谢他;同时要批评作者没有在论文中给他更充分的致谢。
mobileexpert查看英文原文
This uses the pushshift.io dataset. The dataset is collected by an independent non-Reddit inc user @jasonbaumgartne on twitter. Huge props to him for collecting it. Anti props to the authors for not giving him a better acknowledgement in the paper.
补充最关注“入侵”效应不存在与仇恨言论整体骤降,并推测回音室效应是重要机制。
我觉得最有意思的是封禁后对“被入侵”社区的影响:没有迹象显示被封 subreddit 的前用户涌入后,这些社区的仇恨言论有所上升。同样,封禁后这些被封 subreddit 的订阅者整体的仇恨言论急剧减少。做个不科学、无实证的推论:也许群体心理和回音室效应造成的仇恨,比我们目前能证明的要多。某种程度上我希望如此。
LMYahooTFY查看英文原文
I find the effects on "invaded" communities post-ban to be most interesting. There seems to be no indication of any up tick in hate speech within communities that were "invaded" by former subscribers to the banned subreddits. Similarly, there was a dramatic decrease in hate speech overall among the subscribers of the banned subreddits after the ban. To draw an un-scientific and unsubstantiated inference, perhaps the power of crowd-psychology and echo chambers is responsible for more hatefulness than we yet can prove. In some regards I would like to hope this is the case.
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