经济与社会科学2017pnas.org
购买时间能提升幸福感
Buying time promotes happiness
入门 · 约 20 分钟读完前置知识：基础统计、问卷调查、回归分析
导读
这篇 PNAS 论文研究花钱购买时间（例如外包家务、请人跑腿）能否提升幸福感。作者报告：把金钱用于减轻时间压力与更高的生活满意度相关，尤其对感到时间紧迫的人。
HN 关注点：HN 读者围绕“花钱外包是否真能买来幸福”展开讨论，并延伸到工作制度、社会公平和低薪服务伦理。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 补充 1 亲历 1
亲历用“喜欢/擅长”四象限决定哪些任务外包，以优化时间和幸福感。
一位朋友曾给我一个关于工作和时间的思考框架：按两个维度给任务分类——你有多喜欢做，以及你有多擅长。画一个方框分成四象限：擅长但不喜欢；擅长且喜欢；不擅长但喜欢；不擅长且不喜欢。如果有资源雇人外包，可以这样处理：擅长且喜欢的事作为主业，高效又快乐；不喜欢又不擅长的事外包，自己做会痛苦且结果差；喜欢但不擅长的事当爱好；不喜欢但擅长的事，看时间和资源决定自己做还是外包。我这样做了几年，在家务分工上也和妻子按这个思路来。
koliber查看英文原文
A friend once presented me with a model of thinking about work and time. Categorize all tasks on two scales: how much you like doing something, and how good you are at it. Now, draw a square and break it into four quadrants. One will be "good at it, but don't like doing it". Another will be "Good at it, and like doing it". The remaining ones are "Bad at it, but like doing it" and "Bad at it, and don't like doing it". Assuming you have resources to hire help and outsource, consider doing the following: For things you like doing that you are good at, make that your main job. You will be effective and happy. For things you don't like doing and are bad at, outsource. If you try doing these yourself, you will be miserable, and the outcome will be sub-par (you're bad at it!). For things you like doing and are bad at, make that your hobby. For the things that you don't like doing but are good at, either do them yourself or outsource, depending on your time availability and resources to hire help. I've been doing this for a few years as much as possible. Even at home, my wife and I naturally divide chores along these lines.
质疑质疑制度：应减少必要工作时间，而不是事后花钱买时间。
也许我老派，但与其拼命工作再把钱花在买回时间上，为什么不把社会设计成一开始就少工作一点也能谋生？这不又回到渔夫和银行家的寓言了吗？
neilwilson查看英文原文
Call me old fashioned, but rather than working yourself silly to then spend your money buying time back, why don't we set society up so that you have to work less in the first place to earn a living? Are we not back to the parable of the fisherman and the banker? http://www.garywu.net/fisherman-and-banker/
补充比利时服务券补贴家政服务，降低买时间成本并促进低薪就业。
比利时有个好东西叫 servicecheques（服务券）。这是政府资助的项目：你花9欧元买一张服务券，还能从税收中返还3欧元。每张券代表1小时的家政清洁、熨衣、备餐等工作。制度本意是促进低薪就业，但也让人们能便宜购买家庭服务。比利时工资较高，所以这对提供服务者和急需这类服务的高收入在职者都是理想方案。
koonsolo查看英文原文
In Belgium we have this great thing called servicecheques (="dienstencheques"). It is a government sponsored project where you can buy a servicecheque for 9 euro's, and you will get 3 euro's back from taxes. Each cheque represents 1 hour of work such as house cleaning, ironing, meal preparing, etc. This system is to promote low-wage work, but also has the nice benefit so people can cheaply buy home services. Wages are pretty high in Belgium, so this is an ideal solution for both people doing that kind of work, and working people in high need for such services.
质疑批评“买时间”是贵族式外包，回避少消费并依赖低薪劳工。
这些学者鼓吹的东西很像旧贵族社会。他们不提倡少消费（住小房子、少买衣服、少产垃圾、少吃），而是主张买几个廉价劳力干脏活累活，自己好去学钢琴，还不因清理自己的粪便而无聊或不快。西方社会是不是已经到了低技能、低教育、低收入人口过剩的程度，以至于哈佛商学院的资本家看到用这些未充分就业劳动力打造全新省时服务业的巨大利润潜力？
atomashpolskiy查看英文原文
What these scholars are pushing for eerily resembles good old aristocratic society. Instead of promoting to consume less (having smaller houses and less clothes, producing less garbage, eating less) they advocate for buying a couple sturdy negroes to do the hard work, while their master can learn to play the piano (and not feel bored/unhappy to cleanup his own shit). Has the western society already arrived at the point, when there is such an abundance of low-income, unskilled, badly educated people, that the capitalists from Harvard Business School see big potential profits in building a brand new time-saving services industry with all this underutilized labour?
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2017Hacker News 讨论帖188 分 · 147 评
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