物理与天文2016nature.com
Wendelstein 7-X 仿星器磁场拓扑的确认
Confirmation of the topology of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator’s magnetic field
专业 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识:等离子体物理、磁约束聚变、仿星器基础
导读
这篇论文报告对 Wendelstein 7-X 仿星器磁场拓扑结构的实验确认:实际建成的复杂线圈确实产生了设计预期的磁场位形。它标志着仿星器从计算机设计走向工程实现的关键验证,为后续评估其等离子体约束性能打下基础。
HN 关注点:这项工程的制造难度:形状怪异、非平面的超导线圈竟被成功造出,以及仿星器与托卡马克路线之间的比较。
后来怎么样
验证了优化仿星器从计算设计到工程实现的可行性,成为 W7-X 后续运行和仿星器路线的重要里程碑。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 补充 3
补充惊叹工程实现:复杂非平面超导线圈和极端制造/材料挑战,成本约 3.7 亿欧元。
天哪。我见过 proposed 磁体几何的渲染图,看起来像建造噩梦。他们真的成功造出来了。它是通过焊接曲面部件完成的,而不是用金属 3D 打印。它使用超导磁体,这意味着必须用 somewhat brittle 的铌钛合金绕制线圈。这些形状奇异的非平面线圈在液氦温度下运行,距离 1 亿度的等离子体只有几厘米。这里有一个建造项目的工业视角[1]。为建造它必须开发大量新制造技术。一个小部件是直径 120mm、厚 1.8mm 的金刚石窗,用铜银钛焊料焊接到不锈钢框架中。成本 3.7 亿欧元。看看建造照片就知道为什么。我很好奇洛克希德 Skunk Works 的聚变项目进展如何。他们的几何结构更奇怪。洛克希德唯一透露的是,已有足够进展,值得继续投入洛克希德的钱。[1] https://www.ipp.mpg.de/987655/w7x_and_industry_en.pdf
Animats查看英文原文
Wow. I'd seen renders of the proposed magnet geometry, and it looked like a nightmare to build. They actually built it successfully. It was built by welding curved parts together, not 3D printing the thing in metal. It uses a superconducting magnet, which means having to wind coils from somewhat brittle niobium-titanium alloy. These are strangely-shaped non-planar coils which operate at liquid helium temperatures a few centimeters from 100 million degree plasma. Here's an industrial view of the construction project.[1] Considerable new manufacturing technology had to be developed to build this. One minor component is a diamond window 120mm across and 1.8mm thick, soldered into a stainless steel frame with copper-silver-titanium solder. Cost €370M. Look at the construction pictures and you can see why. I wonder how the Skunk Works fusion project is coming along. They have an even stranger geometry. The only word out of Lockheed is that there's been enough progress to justify spending more of Lockheed's money on the project. [1] https://www.ipp.mpg.de/987655/w7x_and_industry_en.pdf
补充解释仿星器与托卡马克原理相同,核心成就是证明复杂磁场设计可以工程实现。
简要总结:这是仿星器,和托卡马克思路相同:用磁体约束氢以获得聚变。仿星器中的磁场极其复杂,在计算机出现之前不可能建模和设计。有了计算机,他们能设计它,但不确定能否造出来。这个测试表明:是的,他们确实能把它造出来。理论上,仿星器比托卡马克更容易做对,但前提是你能真正设计并制造一个。
ars查看英文原文
Bit of a summary: This is a stellarator which is the same idea as a tokamak: Confine hydrogen with magnets and get fusion. The magnetic field in a stellarator is crazy complicated, and was impossible to model and design before computers. With computers they were able to design it, but were unsure if they could build it. This is a test showing that yes, they can actually build it. In theory stellarators are simpler to get right than tokamaks, but only if you can actually design, and then make one.
补充提供两段视频资料,帮助理解建造难度。
这里有两段视频,很好地传达了建造它的惊人成就。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-fbBRAxJNk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyqt6u5_sHA
gnarbarian查看英文原文
Here are two videos that do a great job of conveying the incredible accomplishment of building it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-fbBRAxJNk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyqt6u5_sHA
支持认为工程成就惊人、公共资金用得值,但媒体传播不足。
这是近来少数让我觉得纳税人的钱花得值的项目之一(我猜总成本最终会在 15 亿美元左右)。工程水平简直让我目瞪口呆……了不起的成就,祝贺所有参与者。令我惊讶的是,这里媒体没有更多推动它。我觉得向大众传达这项成就真的很难,但它应该比现在更多地出现在新闻上(并且以某种方式呈现得更好)。
kriro查看英文原文
First project in a while where I feel my tax money is used well (my guess is the overall cost will end up being around 1.5 billion). The engineering simply makes my jaw drop...sick achievement, congratulations to everyone involved. Surprised that it isn't pushed more in the media here. I think it's really hard to communicate the achievement to the masses but this needs to be on the news way more than it is (and presented better...somehow)
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