经济与社会科学2016arxiv.org
整数百分比作为选举造假的指纹
Integer percentages as fingerprints of electoral falsification
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:基础统计学、概率分布
导读
这篇论文研究如何通过选举结果中整数百分比(如恰好 50%、60% 等整数占比)异常出现的“尖峰”来识别选举造假。作者发现被操纵的选举数据中整数百分比出现频率显著高于自然分布,并以此作为指纹检测多个国家的选举舞弊。
HN 关注点:用统计方法检测选举舞弊的可行性,以及这类数字指纹方法(如 Benford 定律)是否真的可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 1
补充指出论文否定了常见的 Benford 定律方法,并好奇其失效原因
我本以为这只是 Benford 定律的应用,但作者在开头就指出 Benford 定律对选举数据并不适用(引用了 Caltech 的论文)。有人知道为什么 Benford 定律在这里不管用,却能用于会计等其他编造数字的场景吗?
blueintegral查看英文原文
I thought this would just be an application of Benford's law, but they note in the beginning that using Benford's law doesn't work for elections (citing this paper: http://www.vote.caltech.edu/sites/default/files/benford_pdf_4b97cc5b5b.pdf) Does anyone know why Benford's law doesn't work here but does work for other made up numbers in applications like accounting?
亲历亲历者补充:类似分析 2011 年就出现过,只是侧重点不同
看到我们的选举被用作造假检测研究的参照对象,挺让人难过的……这类分析其实并不新鲜,早在 2011 年就有人做过(链接),只是当时更关注奇特的分布形态,而不是整数尖峰。
Artlav查看英文原文
It's kinda sad to see our elections to be used as reference for falsification detection research... This isn't exactly new, such analysis was done as early as 2011, i.e. http://lleo.me/dnevnik/2011/12/07_gauss.html Although, they were more focused on the peculiar distribution, than on integer spikes.
质疑提出替代解释:整数尖峰可能源于计票草率而非蓄意造假
这很有意思。我倾向于认为那些异常规整的数字可能来自懒散的计票/抽样,而非真正的恶意造假……不过话说回来,草率地组织选举在某种意义上也算是一种舞弊。
jcalvinowens查看英文原文
This is fascinating. I'm tempted to argue the improbably-round numbers might be due to lazily counting/sampling the ballots rather than actual malicious fraud... but I guess sloppily running the election still constitutes fraud in some sense.
支持建议将方法应用于多场有舞弊指控的选举,并抱怨被踩
非常精彩的研究!希望有人有空把模型跑在最近几场充满舞弊指控的选举上:奥地利总统选举、土耳其选举和民主党初选,每场都有舞弊分析且发现了问题(土耳其尤其严重)。PS:为什么这么多踩?难道西方大规模选举舞弊的证据让人不安到必须踩我吗?
Jerry2查看英文原文
Absolutely fascinating research! I wonder if someone has some free time to run the models on several recent elections that were filled with fraud. I'm interested in: Austrian presidential elections [0], Turkish elections [1] and Democratic party primaries [2][3]. Each of them was analyzed for voting fraud and fraud was found in each of them (some were full of massive vote fraud like Turkish elections). PS: What's with all the downvotes? Is the evidence of massive voter fraud in the West so unsettling that you have to downvote me? [0] >Austria presidential poll result overturned http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36681475 [1] >Turkey Elections Massive Vote Fraud https://erikmeyersson.com/2015/11/04/digit-tests-and-the-peculiar-election-dynamics-of-turkeys-november-elections/ [2] >Hillary Clinton Favored By Election Fraud In Democratic Primaries http://www.inquisitr.com/3127046/hillary-clinton-favored-by-election-fraud-in-democratic-primaries-federal-lawsuit-filed-against-officials-to-protect-california-primaries/ [3] >Election Fraud Watch 2016 (J: awesome blog that tracks election fraud in primaries) https://electionfraud2016.wordpress.com/
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- 2016Hacker News 讨论帖225 分 · 70 评
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