AI 与机器学习2025arxiv.org
AGI 的一种定义
A definition of AGI
进阶 · 约 40 分钟读完前置知识：AGI 概念、心理测量学基础、AI 评估方法
导读
这篇论文试图给出 AGI 的正式定义，将其界定为“在认知多样性和熟练程度上达到受过良好教育的成年人水平”的人工系统。作者采用可测量的心理测量学维度来刻画这一标准，以便对 AI 系统进行评估。
HN 关注点：AGI 的定义一直是 AI 社区的争议焦点，HN 读者关注这篇论文如何界定标准，以及这种基于心理测量的定义是否遗漏了智能的关键维度。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 质疑 3
质疑论文用心理测量维度定义 AGI，但遗漏了无法测量的“觉知”，这是根本性缺陷
读完论文后，我注意到它完全没有讨论“觉知”（awareness）。认知的基础是觉知，而觉知是非语言、非建构的，极难描述、测量或量化，因此不可能通过训练让模型获得觉知。哲学（尤其是佛教）为此探索了几千年，心理学也基本放弃了尝试。所以这类论文用易于测量但不完整的心理测量维度来定义 AGI。我父亲是心理测量学荣休教授，他也认为这是 AGI 的最大障碍——我们测量智能各维度的能力远不足以复制智能。语言足以承载人类的知识，但承载不了智能所需的觉知火花。这不是神秘主义说法，而是说我们心智的本质无法被完整观察，当前的强化学习技术无法企及。
fnordpiglet查看英文原文
After reading the paper I’m struck by the lack of any discussion of awareness. Cognition requires at its basis awareness, which due to its entirely non verbal and unconstructed basis, is profoundly difficult to describe, measure, quantify, or label. This makes it to my mind impossible to train a model to be aware, let alone for humans to concretely describe it or evaluate it. Philosophy, especially Buddhism, has tried for thousands of years and psychology has all but abandoned attempting so. Hence papers like this that define AGI on psychometric dimensions that have the advantage of being easily measured but the disadvantage of being incomplete. My father is an emeritus professor of psychometrics and he agrees this is the biggest hurdle to AGI - that our ability to measure the dimensions of intelligence is woefully insufficient to the task of replicating intelligence. We scratch the surface and his opinion is language is sufficient to capture the knowledge of man, but not the spark of awareness required to be intelligent. This isn’t meant to be a mystical statement that it’s magic that makes humans intelligent or some exotic process impossible to compute. But that the nature of our mind is not observable in its entirety to us sufficient that the current learned reinforcement techniques can’t achieve it. Try this exercise. Do not think and let your mind clear. Ideas will surface. By what process did they surface? Or clear your mind entirely then try to perform some complex task. You will be able to. How did you do this without thought? We’ve all had sudden insights without deliberation or thought. Where did these come from? By what process did you arrive at them? Most of the things we do or think are not deliberative and definitely not structured with language. This process is unobservable and not measurable, and the only way we have to do so is through imperfect verbalizations that hint out some vague outline of a subconscious mind. But without being able to train a model on that subconscious process, one that can’t be expressed in language with any meaningful sufficiency, how will language models demonstrate it? Their very nature of autoregressive inference prohibits such a process from emerging at any scale. We might very well be able to fake it to an extent that it fools us, but awareness isn’t there - and I’d assert that awareness is all you need.
支持即使按此定义的最低门槛，实现 AGI 也是远超想象的巨大成就
论文将 AGI 定义为达到受过良好教育的成年人的认知多样性和熟练程度。我认为人们没有意识到，造出匹配一个未受教育儿童的认知能力的系统将是多么非凡的成就，更别说受过良好教育的成年人了。哪怕 AI 达到某些非人类动物的智能水平，都将是划时代的成就。
flkiwi查看英文原文
> defining AGI as matching the cognitive versatility and proficiency of a well-educated adult I don't think people really realize how extraordinary accomplishment it would be to have an artificial system matching the cognitive versatility and proficiency of an uneducated child, much less a well-educated adult. Hell, AI matching the intelligence of some nonhuman animals would be an epoch-defining accomplishment.
质疑AGI 定义脱离了人类智能的生物基础，而推理背后的驱动力本质上是生物性的
我认为这类方法的问题在于，它们把人类智能视为与人类生物学相分离的东西，这是不对的。人类心智中发生的一切都深深植根于人的生物状态和演化了千万年的生物周期。机器下棋的水平可以和人类对标，但驱动人类推理和联想的抽象感受更多是生物性的而非逻辑性的。
zkmon查看英文原文
The problem, I guess, with these methods is, they consider human intelligence as something detached from human biology. I think this is incorrect. Everything that goes in the human mind is firmly rooted in the biological state of that human, and the biological cycles that evolved through millennia. Things like chess-playing skill of a machine could be bench-marked against that of a human, but the abstract feelings that drive reasoning and correlations inside a human mind are more biological than logical.
质疑AGI 的定义标准总是随着 AI 的进步被不断移动
无论定义是什么，一旦 AI 达到那个标准，目标线通常就会被挪动。
vardump查看英文原文
Whatever the definition may be, the goalposts are usually moved once AI reaches that point.
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